Table of Contents
PYTHON BUILT-IN FUNCTIONS
A function is a group of statements that performs a specific task. Python provides a library of functions like any other programming language. The built-in functions such as eval, input, print, and int are always available in the Python interpreter. You don’t have to import any modules to use these functions.
Simple Python Built-in Functions
| Function | Description | Example |
| abs(x) | Returns the absolute value for x | abs(-2) is 2 |
| max(x1, x2, …) | Returns the largest among x1, x2, … | max(1, 5, 2) is 5 |
| min(x1, x2, …) | Returns the smallest among x1, x2, … | min(1, 5, 2) is 1 |
| pow(a, b) | Returns ab. Same as a ** b. | pow(2, 3) is 8 |
| round(x) | Returns an integer nearest to x. If x is equally close to two integers, the even one is returned. | round(5.4) is 5 round(5.5) is 6 round(4.5) is 4 |
| round(x, n) | Returns the float value rounded to n digits after the decimal point. | round(5.466, 2) is 5.47 round(5.463, 2) is 5.46 |
Mathematical Functions
| Function | Description | Example |
| fabs(x) | Returns the absolute value for x as a float. | fabs(-2) is 2.0 |
| ceil(x) | Rounds x up to its nearest integer and returns that integer. | ceil(2.1) is 3 ceil(-2.1) is -2 |
| floor(x) | Rounds x down to its nearest integer and returns that integer. | floor(2.1) is 2 floor(-2.1) is -3 |
| exp(x) | Returns the exponential function of x (ex). | exp(1) is 2.71828 |
| log(x) | Returns the natural logarithm of x. | log(2.71828) is 1.0 |
| log(x, base) | Returns the logarithm of x for the specified base. | log(100, 10) is 2.0 |
| sqrt(x) | Returns the square root of x. | sqrt(4.0) is 2 |
| Function | Description | Example |
| fabs(x) | Returns the absolute value for x as a float. | fabs(-2) is 2.0 |
| ceil(x) | Rounds x up to its nearest integer and returns that integer. | ceil(2.1) is 3 ceil(-2.1) is -2 |
| floor(x) | Rounds x down to its nearest integer and returns that integer. | floor(2.1) is 2 floor(-2.1) is -3 |
| exp(x) | Returns the exponential function of x (ex). | exp(1) is 2.71828 |
| log(x) | Returns the natural logarithm of x. | log(2.71828) is 1.0 |
| log(x, base) | Returns the logarithm of x for the specified base. | log(100, 10) is 2.0 |
| sqrt(x) | Returns the square root of x. | sqrt(4.0) is 2 |
String Functions
| Method | Description |
| capitalize() | Converts the first character to upper case |
| casefold() | Converts string into lower case |
| center() | Returns a centered string |
| count() | Returns the number of times a specified value occurs in a string |
| encode() | Returns an encoded version of the string |
| endswith() | Returns true if the string ends with the specified value |
| expandtabs() | Sets the tab size of the string |
| find() | Searches the string for a specified value and returns the position of where it was found |
| format() | Formats specified values in a string |
| format_map() | Formats specified values in a string |
| index() | Searches the string for a specified value and returns the position of where it was found |
| isalnum() | Returns True if all characters in the string are alphanumeric |
| isalpha() | Returns True if all characters in the string are in the alphabet |
| isdecimal() | Returns True if all characters in the string are decimals |
| isdigit() | Returns True if all characters in the string are digits |
| isidentifier() | Returns True if the string is an identifier |
| islower() | Returns True if all characters in the string are lower case |
| isnumeric() | Returns True if all characters in the string are numeric |
| isprintable() | Returns True if all characters in the string are printable |
| isspace() | Returns True if all characters in the string are whitespaces |
| istitle() | Returns True if the string follows the rules of a title |
| isupper() | Returns True if all characters in the string are upper case |
| join() | Joins the elements of an iterable to the end of the string |
| ljust() | Returns a left justified version of the string |
| lower() | Converts a string into lower case |
| lstrip() | Returns a left trim version of the string |
| maketrans() | Returns a translation table to be used in translations |
| partition() | Returns a tuple where the string is parted into three parts |
| replace() | Returns a string where a specified value is replaced with a specified value |
| rfind() | Searches the string for a specified value and returns the last position of where it was found |
| rindex() | Searches the string for a specified value and returns the last position of where it was found |
| rjust() | Returns a right justified version of the string |
| rpartition() | Returns a tuple where the string is parted into three parts |
| rsplit() | Splits the string at the specified separator, and returns a list |
| rstrip() | Returns a right trim version of the string |
| split() | Splits the string at the specified separator, and returns a list |
| splitlines() | Splits the string at line breaks and returns a list |
| startswith() | Returns true if the string starts with the specified value |
| strip() | Returns a trimmed version of the string |
| swapcase() | Swaps cases, lower case becomes upper case and vice versa |
| title() | Converts the first character of each word to upper case |
| translate() | Returns a translated string |
| upper() | Converts a string into upper case |
| zfill() | Fills the string with a specified number of 0 values at the beginning |
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