Table of Contents
Internet
Internet History
In 1969, the U.S. Defense Department funded a project to develop a network, which can withstand the bombing. Basically the idea was to develop a very secure network which can work even after a nuclear attack. This project was known as ARPANET. Ten years of research brought Local Area Ethernet Networks (LANs) and workstations were developed to get connected to LAN. These workstations and LANs were then connected to the ARPANET. For next decade the ARPANET grew and its decentralized features helped its rapid expansion. Computers connected to ARPANET used to standard or rule to communicate with each other. This standard used by ARPANET is known as NCP (National Control Protocol). Protocol is a network term used to indicate the standard used by a network for communication. brought TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) in to the world of networking. TCP converts messages into streams of packets at the source, and they are reassembled back into messages at the destination. IP handles the dispatch of these packets. It handles the addressing.
World Wide Web (WWW)
WWW is the acronym for the World Wide Web. The WWW is hypertext based information retrieval tool. One can easily surf the Web by jumping from one document to another using the links in those documents. These documents can be in many formats, such as text, graphics, animation, sound and latest is video. All the information on Internet are presented to the user as a document or more popularly known as Web Page. All these Web Pages are link to each other And these links are known as Hyper Links. The tool used to view these Web Pages on Internet is known as Internet browser. The process of using browser to view information on Internet is known as Browsing or Surfing.
Basic Internet Terminology
1. Domain
Every user using the Internet has a unique address called a domain. A domain recognizes one or more IP addresses. An example of a domain is weather.com and is part of the URL such as http://www.weather.com. The standard top-level domains are:
Standard top-level domains are:
- com – Commercial business
- edu – Educational institutions
- gov – Government agencies
- mil – Military
- net – Networks organization
- org – Organizations (nonprofit)
2. Browser
A piece of software such as Mozilla Firefox and Internet Explorer that allows a computer to access and display documents, view pictures, hear sound, and view video clips from the World Wide Web.
3. E-mail
Electronic mail, commonly shortened to “email,” is a communication method that uses electronic devices to deliver messages across computer networks. “Email” refers to both the delivery system and individual messages that are sent and received.
4. File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
The standard method for downloading and uploading files over the Internet. With FTP, you can login to a server and transfer files (meaning you can “send” or “receive” files).
5. Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
It is the set of rules by which Web pages are transferred across the Internet.
6. Internet Protocol (IP) Address
The Internet is composed of local, regional, national, and worldwide computer networks. Each computer on the Internet can be identified by a set of unique numbers that is called an internet protocol (IP) address. The IP address 205.134.120.60.
7. TelNet
A terminal emulation protocol (or Internet program) used to connect a computer to a remote host or server. Telnet is one of the oldest Internet activities and is primarily used to access online databases or to read articles stored on university servers.
8. Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
An addressing scheme that is used on the Internet to locate resources and/or services on the World Wide Web. Basically the URL is the address of a computer file that has been put on a computer server to access the Internet.
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